Indo-Greek and Greco-Bactrian Kingdoms
Alexander sent much of his army to Carmania which is modern southern Iran with his general Craterus. He sent a fleet to explore the Persian Gulf shore under his admiral Nearchus, while he led the rest of his forces back to Persia by the southern route through the Gedrosian Desert. Not only in Carmania, but also in Bactria, Alexander left some of his forces if they refused to go on. From all of these different Greeks staying in India, a new ethnicities were brought up. Indians and Greeks had children and the Indo-Greeks and Greco-Bactrians were created. They kept the Hellenistic religion and conquered other parts of India. (Antoine Simonin)
In 180 BC, the Indo-Greeks, invaded parts of northwest and northern India. They conquered and ruled many places in thePunjab region. The invasion of northern India came after the destruction of the Mauryan dynasty by the general Pusyamitra Sunga, who then founded the new Indian Sunga dynasty. The Indo-Greek king Menander campaigned as far as the capital Pataliputra in eastern India. (Antoine Simonin)
"Those who came after Alexander went to the Ganges and Pataliputra" (Strabo, XV.698).
The Indo-Greeks ruled various parts of northwestern India until the end of the 1st century BC, when they were conquered by the Scythians and Kushans. (Antoine Simonin)
The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was, along with the Indo-Greek Kingdom, the most eastern part of the Hellenistic world. It covering Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asia from 250 to 125 BC. The expansion of the Greco-Bactrians into northern India from 180 BC established the Indo-Greek Kingdom, which was to last until around AD 10. (Antoine Simonin)
The Greco-Bactrians were known for their high level of Hellenistic culture, and talked to both the Mediterranean people and neighbouring Indians. (Antoine Simonin)
Their cities, like Ai-Khanoum in northeastern Afghanistan, and Bactra were Hellenistic cities that demonstrate a sophisticated Hellenistic urban culture. (Antoine Simonin)
"Ai-Khanoum has all the hallmarks of a Hellenistic city, with a Greek theater, gymnasium and some Greek houses with colonnaded courtyards" (Boardman).
One of the writings in Greek found at Ai-Khanoum, the Herôon of Kineas, has been dated to 300–250 BC, and describes Delphic precepts:
"As children, learn good manners.As young men, learn to control the passions.In middle age, be just.In old age, give good advice.Then die, without regret."(Boardman)
In 180 BC, the Indo-Greeks, invaded parts of northwest and northern India. They conquered and ruled many places in thePunjab region. The invasion of northern India came after the destruction of the Mauryan dynasty by the general Pusyamitra Sunga, who then founded the new Indian Sunga dynasty. The Indo-Greek king Menander campaigned as far as the capital Pataliputra in eastern India. (Antoine Simonin)
"Those who came after Alexander went to the Ganges and Pataliputra" (Strabo, XV.698).
The Indo-Greeks ruled various parts of northwestern India until the end of the 1st century BC, when they were conquered by the Scythians and Kushans. (Antoine Simonin)
The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was, along with the Indo-Greek Kingdom, the most eastern part of the Hellenistic world. It covering Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asia from 250 to 125 BC. The expansion of the Greco-Bactrians into northern India from 180 BC established the Indo-Greek Kingdom, which was to last until around AD 10. (Antoine Simonin)
The Greco-Bactrians were known for their high level of Hellenistic culture, and talked to both the Mediterranean people and neighbouring Indians. (Antoine Simonin)
Their cities, like Ai-Khanoum in northeastern Afghanistan, and Bactra were Hellenistic cities that demonstrate a sophisticated Hellenistic urban culture. (Antoine Simonin)
"Ai-Khanoum has all the hallmarks of a Hellenistic city, with a Greek theater, gymnasium and some Greek houses with colonnaded courtyards" (Boardman).
One of the writings in Greek found at Ai-Khanoum, the Herôon of Kineas, has been dated to 300–250 BC, and describes Delphic precepts:
"As children, learn good manners.As young men, learn to control the passions.In middle age, be just.In old age, give good advice.Then die, without regret."(Boardman)
Getting Conquered
Alexander conquered Asia and forced them to adopt everything the Macedonians used. There weren't many asians that converted to a more Macedonian life style were few because so many of them were dead. The ones that were still alive had to completely change life styles. They had to change there religion, culture, and Arts. The way they lived got completely changed. Their lives got flipped completely up side down. It only lasted for a short time, before they were able to go back to their ways because of the Civil wars in Macedonia. (Jona Lendering)
Other Effects
Change in organization of Indian army: Indians learnt much from the Greeks regarding the organization of army and adopted Greek system.
Effect on trade and commerce: New ways have opened for trade and commerce, both through water and land. The wall between east and west was broken with the opening of four ways. According to Paul Masson historian,
"Direct contact was established between the Mediterranean civilization and those of the Punjab and of central Asia, Semitic Babylonia and the Persian Empire was no longer a screen between the west and east."
The opening of new ways gave a bonus to Indian trade and the consumption of Indian goods in foreign countries increased as well.
Cultural effects: The Greek influence in the field of astrology was very significant. Though the impact was not so permanent, still it brings some colour. The establishment of Greek empire in the northwest of India gave birth to the Gandhara. The style of sculpture was remarkable at that time. Indians learnt much in the field of coinage from the Greek and learnt to make beautiful and well-shaped coins as well. (IndiaNetZone.com)
Effect on trade and commerce: New ways have opened for trade and commerce, both through water and land. The wall between east and west was broken with the opening of four ways. According to Paul Masson historian,
"Direct contact was established between the Mediterranean civilization and those of the Punjab and of central Asia, Semitic Babylonia and the Persian Empire was no longer a screen between the west and east."
The opening of new ways gave a bonus to Indian trade and the consumption of Indian goods in foreign countries increased as well.
Cultural effects: The Greek influence in the field of astrology was very significant. Though the impact was not so permanent, still it brings some colour. The establishment of Greek empire in the northwest of India gave birth to the Gandhara. The style of sculpture was remarkable at that time. Indians learnt much in the field of coinage from the Greek and learnt to make beautiful and well-shaped coins as well. (IndiaNetZone.com)